Hartlepool

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Hartlepool (Template:IPAEng) is a North Sea port in North East England. It is within the borough and unitary authority of Hartlepool (borough), which forms part of ceremonial County Durham.

Contents

[edit] History

Image:TownWallHartlepool(MickGarratt)Nov2007.jpg
Hartlepool Town Wall: dating from the late 14th century the limestone wall once enclosed the whole of the medieval town. The picturesque houses overlook the entrance to Victoria Docks which can be seen in the background.

Hartlepool was founded as a village in the 7th century AD, springing up around a monastery founded in 640 on a headland overlooking a natural harbour. The monastery became famous under St Hilda, who served as its abbess from 649-657, but it was destroyed by the Vikings in 800.

The place-name derives from Old English *heort-ieg "hart island", referring to stags seen, and pol, "pool". Records of the place-name from early sources confirm this:

  • Heretu, 649 AD
  • Hertelpolle, 1017 AD
  • Hierdepol, 1182 AD

During the Middle Ages the village grew into an important (though still small) town, gaining a market and walls, and its harbour was improved to serve as the official port of the County palatine of Durham. Its harbour made it a convenient outlet for the coalfields of South Durham and in 1835 a railway was built to enable South Durham coal to be exported. A rival railway was built in 1847 and docks were established at its terminus, around which a new town, West Hartlepool, was founded.


The two communities grew very rapidly, from only a thousand at the start of the 19th century to a population of 64,000 in 1891. The modern town represents a joining together of "Old Hartlepool", locally known as the "headland", and West Hartlepool. What was West Hartlepool became the larger town and the two were formally joined in 1967. Today the term "West Hartlepool" is in rarely heard outside of a sporting context but the towns only premier Rugby Union team still proudly retain the name (See Sports below)


The name of the town's professional football club reflected the two boroughs; when it was formed in 1908, following the success of West Hartlepool in winning the FA Amateur Cup in 1905, it was called "Hartlepools United" in the hope of attracting support from both towns. When the boroughs combined in 1967 the club renamed itself "Hartlepool" before renaming itself Hartlepool United in the 1970s. Many fans of the club still refer to the team as "Pools".


The area became heavily industrialised with an ironworks (established 1838) and shipyards in the docks (established in the 1870s). By 1913, no fewer than 43 ship-owning companies were located in the town, responsible for 236 ships. This made it a key target for Germany in the First World War. The first German offensive against Britain was mounted at Hartlepool between 8.10 and 9.30 am on the morning of 16 December 1914, when units of the Imperial German Navy bombarded Hartlepool, West Hartlepool, Whitby and Scarborough with a total of 1150 shells, killing 137 people and wounding 592. Two coastal defence batteries at Hartlepool returned fire, firing 143 shells, damaging three German ships: SMS Seydlitz, SMS Moltke and SMS Blücher. An attempt by the German High Command to repeat the attack a month later led to the Battle of Dogger Bank on 24 January 1915 at which the Blucher was sunk.


Hartlepool suffered badly in the Great Depression of the 1930s and suffered high unemployment until the start of the Second World War, during which its shipbuilding and steelmaking industries enjoyed a renaissance. After the war, both industries went into a severe decline. "Blanchland", the last ship to be constructed in Hartlepool left the slips in 1961. There was a boost to the retail sector in 1968 when Middleton Grange Shopping Centre was opened by Princess Anne, with over 130 new shops including Marks & Spencer and Woolworths.


Before the shopping centre was opened, the old town centre was located around Lynn Street but with the construction of the new shopping centre, most of the shops and the market moved from the Lynn Street to the shopping centre by 1974. Most of Lynn Street was demolished to make way for a new housing estate by 1974. Some of Lynn Street still remains but only the north end of the street which is now called Lynn Street North and is where the Hartlepool Borough Council depot is based alongside the Focus DIY store until it moved to the marina in August 2006. By the 1980s the area was again severely affected by unemployment. A series of major investment projects in the 1990s revived the town centre with a new marina, rehabilitation of derelict land, the indoor conversion to modernise Middleton Grange Shopping Centre from the 1960s brutalist architecture, the Historic Quay regeneration, and the construction of much new housing, which has led to the town becoming improbably chic in recent years.


Hartlepool Power Station is a advanced gas-cooled reactor (AGR) type nuclear power plant opened near Hartlepool in the 1980s.

[edit] Sport

Hartlepool United is the town's professional football club. They have won promotion to League One for the 2007–08 season. The supporters of the club bear the nickname of Monkey Hangers. This is based upon legend that during the Napoleonic wars a ship's mascot was hanged for being a French spy.

West Hartlepool R.F.C. are more commonly known as "West", they were playing their rugby union in what is now the Guinness Premiership until the mid-1990s, when they were hit by bankruptcy and controversially sold the stadium and players. There then followed a succession of relegations as the club struggled to pay off the debts of professionalism. West Hartlepool R.F.C. are currently unbeated and top the North 2 East league.

[edit] Tall Ships' Races

On 28 June 2006, Hartlepool celebrated after winning its bid to host The Tall Ships' Races. The town will welcome up to 125 tall ships in 2010, after being chosen by race organiser Sail Training International to be the finishing point for the race. Hartlepool will greet the ships, which will have sailed from Kristiansand in Norway on the second and final leg of the race.

Hartlepool already has good links with tall ships after almost 40 vessels visited Hartlepool in 2005 en route to Newcastle, and Hartlepool Council, PD Ports and Hartlepool Marina teamed up in April this year to submit a bid to host the race.

Hartlepool Mayor Stuart Drummond said: "There's a great sprit of partnership in the town and we put together a very strong bid. We knew we had the capability and the passion to be a top class host port and we are delighted that the race organisers felt the same. The event will present a tremendous opportunity to showcase the town."

Allan Henderson, Hartlepool Marina Director, added: "This is fabulous news and a great honour. Hartlepool already has an excellent name in the maritime world, and the skippers and crews of the tall ships which visited us last year were very impressed with the fantastic welcome they received. Hosting the Tall Ships race further reinforces Hartlepool's well deserved reputation as a first rate visitor destination."

[edit] Politics

The Hartlepool constituency was represented in the House of Commons from 1992 until summer 2004 by Labour MP, Peter Mandelson.

Mr Mandelson resigned to take up a role in the European Commission. The by-election on September 30 was won by Labour's Iain Wright with a much-reduced majority following an 18% swing to the Liberal Democrats. He retained the seat with a greatly increased majority in the 2005 UK general election.

Past election information can be viewed online, including full election results. See - Hartlepool Democracy.

[edit] Local media

[edit] Transport

[edit] Road

Hartlepool is served by two primary routes which are the A179 road and the A689 road, both linking the town to the A19 road. The A179 road is the main road to the north west which leads to the A19 road, Peterlee, Durham and Sunderland. The A689 road is the main road to the south west towards the A19 & Billingham, Stockton and Middlesbrough. The A178 road leads south to Seaton Carew, Graythorpe, Port Clarence and Middlesbrough via the Transporter bridge. The A1086 road leads north to Crimdon, Blackhall, Horden and Easington.

[edit] Rail

Hartlepool is served by Hartlepool railway station which is on the Durham Coast Line with hourly services to Newcastle and Middlesbrough which are provided by Northern Rail. There is a new service to London from Sunderland provided by Grand Central that uses former InterCity 125 trains. This is the first time in 15 years that Hartlepool has had a direct link to London by train.

[edit] Bus

Hartlepool has services provided by Stagecoach around the town and to Billingham, Stockton and Middlesbrough. Other services are provided by Arriva and Go North East to Peterlee, Durham, Sunderland and Newcastle.

[edit] Tourism

[edit] History

  • St. Hilda's Church
  • Victory Square
  • Camerons Brewery
  • Town Wall & Cannon
  • Museum of Hartlepool
  • Headland

[edit] Maritime

[edit] Entertainment and Shopping

[edit] Leisure

[edit] Monkeys

Image:Hartlepool angus.jpg
H'Angus the monkey, the Hartlepool United F.C. Mascot.

Hartlepool is famous for allegedly executing a monkey during the Napoleonic Wars. - see The Hartlepool monkey hanging - for more information.

Historians have also pointed to the prior existence of a Scottish folk song called "And the Boddamers hung the Monkey-O". It describes how a monkey survived a shipwreck off the village of Boddam near Peterhead in Aberdeenshire. Because the villagers could only claim salvage rights if there were no survivors from the wreck, they allegedly hanged the monkey.

"Monkey hanger" and Chimp Choker are common terms of (semi-friendly) abuse aimed at "Poolies", often from bitter footballing rivals Darlington. The mascot of Hartlepool United F.C. is H'Angus the monkey. The man in the monkey costume, Stuart Drummond, stood for the post of Mayor in 2002 as H'angus the monkey, and campaigned on a platform which included free bananas for schoolchildren. To widespread surprise, he won, becoming the first directly-elected Mayor of Hartlepool, winning 7,400 votes with a 52% share of the vote and a turnout of 30%. He was re-elected by a landslide in 2005, winning 16,912 on a turnout of 51% – 10,000 votes more than his nearest rival, the Labour Party candidate.

The monkey legend is also linked with another of the town's sports clubs, Hartlepool Rovers RFC, which uses the hanging monkey as the club logo. On tours it would hang a monkey on the posts of the rugby pitch to spread the story.

Image:06 31a.jpg
The bone
In June 2005 a large bone was found washed ashore on Hartlepool beach, which initially was taken as giving credence to the monkey legend. Analysis revealed the bone to be that of a red deer which had died 6,000 years ago.

The bone is now in the collections of Hartlepool Museum Service.

[edit] Restaurants and clubs

[edit] Notable people associated with Hartlepool

[edit] Nearby towns and cities

[edit] Local Area's / Village's

[edit] Town twinning

[edit] See also

[edit] External links


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