HD DVD

From Includipedia, the inclusionist encyclopedia

Jump to: navigation, search
HD DVD

<tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> Image:HD-DVD.svg </td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Media type:</th><td>High-density optical disc</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Encoding:</th><td>VC-1, H.264, and MPEG-2</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Capacity:</th><td>15 GB (single layer)
30 GB (dual layer)
51 GB (triple layer) [1]
</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Read mechanism:</th><td>1x@36 Mbit/s & 2x@72 Mbit/s</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Developed by:</th><td>DVD Forum</td></tr><tr><th style="white-space: nowrap;">Usage:</th><td>Data storage, including high-definition video</td></tr>

HD DVD or High-Definition DVD was a high-density optical disc format designed for the storage of data and high-definition video.

Contents

[edit] Overview

HD DVD was designed to be the successor to the standard DVD format and is derived from the same underlying technologies. Since all variants except the 3x DVD employ a blue laser with a shorter wavelength, it can store about 3 1/2 times as much data per layer as its predecessor (maximum capacity: 17 GB per layer instead of 4.7 GB per layer). A 51 GB triple-layer spec has been approved, however no movies are currently scheduled for this disc type.[2]

HD DVD is currently in a "format war" with rival format Blu-ray Disc, to determine which of the two formats will become the leading carrier for high-definition content to consumers.

As of November 27 2007, 344 HD DVD titles have been released in the USA.[3] As of September 15 2007, 133 HD DVD titles have been released in Japan, with 21 titles pending to be released.[4]

[edit] History

Template:Optical disc authoring In the mid 1990s, commercial HDTV sets were finally starting to enter a larger market. However, there was no good, cheap way to record or play back HD content. There was no cheap storage medium that could store that amount of data, except JVC's Digital VHS and Sony's HD Betacam.[5] However, it was well known that using lasers with shorter wavelengths would yield optical storage with higher density. When Shuji Nakamura invented practical blue laser diodes, it was a sensation, although a lengthy patent lawsuit delayed commercial introduction.[6]

[edit] Origins and competition from Blu-ray Disc

Sony started two projects applying the new diodes: UDO (Ultra Density Optical) and DVR Blue (together with Pioneer), a format of rewritable discs which would eventually become Blu-ray (more specifically, BD-RE).[7] The core technologies of the formats are essentially similar. The first DVR Blue prototypes were unveiled at the CEATEC exhibition in October 2000 [8]. In February 2002, the project was officially announced as Blu-ray,[9] and the Blu-ray Disc Association was founded by the nine initial members.

The DVD Forum (which was chaired by Toshiba) was deeply split over whether to go with the more expensive blue lasers or not. In addition, the proposed Blu-ray disc with its protective caddy was both expensive and physically different from DVD, posing several problems.[10] In March 2002, the forum voted to approve a proposal endorsed by Warner Bros. and other motion picture studios that involved compressing HD content onto dual-layer DVD-9 discs.[11][12] However, in spite of this decision, the DVD Forum's Steering Committee announced in April that it was pursuing its own blue-laser high-definition solution.[13] In August, Toshiba and NEC announced their competing standard Advanced Optical Disc.[14] It was finally adopted by the DVD forum and renamed to HD DVD the next year,[15] after being voted down twice by Blu-ray Disc Association members, prompting the U.S. Department of Justice to make preliminary investigations into the situation[16][17]. Three new members had to be invited and the voting rules changed before the vote finally passed.[18][19]

[edit] Attempts to avoid a format war

In an attempt to avoid a costly format war, the Blu-ray Disc Association and DVD Forum started to negotiate a compromise in early 2005. One of the issues was that Blu-ray's supporters wanted to use a Java-based platform for interactivity (BD-J), while the DVD Forum was promoting Microsoft's "iHD" (which became HDi).[20]. A much larger issue, though, was the physical formats of the discs themselves; the Blu-ray Disc Association's member companies did not want to risk losing billions of dollars in royalties as they had done with standard DVD[21]. An agreement seemed close, but negotiations proceeded slowly.[22]

At the end of June 2005, Sun announced that the Blu-ray Association had chosen the Java-based BD-J interactivity layer instead of Microsoft's HDi. This was based on a BDA board vote favouring BD-J 10 to 4, despite a technical committee previously favouring HDi by a vote of 7 to 5[23]. At the same time, Microsoft and Toshiba jointly announced that they would cooperate in developing high-definition DVD players.[24] In a top-level meeting in July, Microsoft's Bill Gates argued that the Blu-ray standard had to change to "work more smoothly with personal computers". The Blu-ray Disc's representatives defended the technology.[25]

On August 22 2005, the Blu-ray Disc Association and DVD Forum announced that the negotiations to unify their standards had failed.[26] Rumours surfaced that talks had stalled; publicly, the same reasons of physical format incompatibility were cited[21][25] In the end of September, Microsoft and Intel jointly announced their support for HD DVD.[27]

Hewlett Packard (HP) made a last ditch attempt to broker a peace between the Blu-ray Disc Association and Microsoft. HP demanded that the Blu-ray association adopted Microsoft's HDi instead of its own Java solution, and that Blu-ray adopt a mandatory managed copy feature. If their demands weren't met, HP threatened to support HD DVD instead.[28] In a research report, Gartner analysts Van Baker, Laura Behrens and Mike McGuire wrote that if HP's proposal was accepted, Blu-ray would become the winner of the format war.[29] However, the Blu-ray Disc group did not accept HP's offer.[30]

[edit] Launch of HD DVD

On March 31 2006, Toshiba released their first HD DVD player in Japan at ¥110,000 (US$934).[31]. That was the first HD player available to consumers, beating Blu-ray to the market by about three months.[32] HD DVD was released in United States on April 18 2006,[33] with players priced at $499 and $799.

The first HD DVD titles were released on April 18 2006. They were The Last Samurai, Million Dollar Baby, and The Phantom of the Opera by Warner Home Video and Serenity by Universal Studios.[34] The first independent HD film released on HD DVD was One Six Right.[35][36]

[edit] Sales and recent developments

In December 2006, Toshiba reported that roughly 120,000 Toshiba branded HD DVD players have been sold in the United States along with 150,000 units coming in the form of HD DVD upgrade kits for the Xbox 360.[37]

As of April 18 2007, (on the first “birthday” of HD DVD),[38] the HD DVD camp reported that they had sold 100,000 dedicated HD DVD units in the U.S. alone, (not including any computers with HD DVD drives or Xbox 360 add-ons drives—the latter of which was reported to have sold 92,000 units during the Christmas holiday season).[39]

The first HD DVD Recorders were released mid 2007 in Japan.[40]

In November 2007, the Toshiba HD-A2 was the first high definition player, either HD DVD or Blu-ray, to be sold at a sale price of less than $100. This was done through several major retailers to make room for the new HD-A3 models. These closeout sales lasted less than a day each due to both limited quantities and high demand at that price point.

In November 2007, The HD DVD promotion group announced that 750,000 HD DVD players have been sold. The 750,000 number includes stand-alone players and the Xbox 360 add-on.[41]

[edit] Technical specifications

The current specifications for HD DVD-ROM and HD DVD-RW are version 1.0. The specification for HD DVD-R is currently at 0.9; the HD DVD-RAM specification is not yet finalized.

[edit] Disc structure

HD DVD-ROM has a single-layer capacity of 15 GB, a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB, and a 51 GB triple-layer disc (which uses slightly bigger 17 GB layers), approved in November 2007 by the DVD Forum[2]. Toshiba has declined to say whether the 51GB, triple-layer disc is compatible with existing drives and players. Specification 2.0 Part 1 (Physical Specification) for triple layer HD DVD has been approved in November 2007.[42]

HD DVD-R and HD DVD-RW have a single-layer capacity of 15 GB, a dual-layer capacity of 30 GB. HD DVD-RAM has a single-layer capacity of 20 GB.[43] Like the original DVD format, the data layer of an HD DVD disc is 0.6 mm below the surface to physically protect the data layer from damage. The numerical aperture of the optical pick-up head is 0.65, compared with 0.6 for DVD. All HD DVD players are backward compatible with DVD and CD.[44]

Physical size Single layer capacity Dual layer capacity Triple layer capacity
12 cm, single sided 15 GB 30 GB 51 GB (17 GB per layer instead of 15 GB)
12 cm, double sided 30 GB 60 GB 39 GB (HD DVD/DVD Twin-Format - HD-34 Double-Layer/DVD 5 Single-Layer)
 8 cm, single sided 4.7 GB 9.4 GB
 8 cm, double sided 9.4 GB 18.8 GB

[edit] File systems

As with previous optical disc formats, HD DVD supports several file systems, such as ISO 9660 and Universal Disk Format (UDF). Currently, all HD DVD titles use UDF version 2.5 as the file system.

[edit] Audio

HD DVD discs support encoding in up to 24-bit/192 kHz for two channels, or up to eight channels of up to 24-bit/96 kHz encoding.[45] For reference, even new big-budget Hollywood films are mastered in only 24-bit/48 kHz, with 16-bit/48 kHz being common for ordinary films.[citation needed]

All HD DVD players are required to decode linear (uncompressed) PCM, Dolby Digital AC-3, Dolby Digital EX, DTS, Dolby Digital Plus and Dolby TrueHD.[46] A secondary soundtrack, if present, can be stored in any of the aforementioned formats, or in one of the HD DVD optional codecs: DTS-HD High Resolution Audio and DTS-HD Master Audio.

For the highest-fidelity audio experience, HD DVD offers content-producers the choice of linear PCM, Dolby TrueHD and DTS-HD Master Audio. Due to the high-bandwidth requirements of linear-PCM, lossless audio on HD DVD movies has thus far been delivered in the lossless format Dolby TrueHD.

[edit] Video

The HD DVD format supports a wide variety of resolutions, from low-resolution CIF and SDTV, all video resolutions supported by the DVD-Video standard, and up to HDTV formats such as 720p, 1080i and 1080p.[45] HD DVD supports video encoded in MPEG2 which is what is used in DVDs as well as the new formats VC-1 and AVC which are more efficient. All movie titles released so far have had the feature encoded in 1080p, with most supplements in 480i or 480p. Almost all titles are encoded with VC-1, and most of the remaining titles encoded with AVC.

[edit] Digital rights management

Main article: Advanced Access Content System

If a publisher wishes to restrict use of their HD DVD content, they may use the Advanced Access Content System (AACS) although this is not required for normal disc playback. AACS is a standard for content distribution and digital rights management. It is developed by AACS Licensing Administrator, LLC (AACS LA), a consortium that includes Disney, Intel, Microsoft, Matsushita (Panasonic), Warner Bros., IBM, Toshiba and Sony. One of the advantages over CSS, the content restriction system for DVDs, is that AACS allows content providers to revoke an individual player device if its cryptographic keys have been compromised (meaning that it will not be able to decrypt subsequently released content). There is no Region Coding in the existing HD DVD specification, which means that titles from any country can be played in players in any other country. This is likely to give the format some advantage in Europe and other places where consumers are now used to using multi-region players to play DVDs purchased in the US or through the extensive grey market.

Since appearing in devices in 2006, several successful attacks have been made on the format. The first known attack relied on the trusted client problem. In addition, decryption keys have been extracted from a weakly protected player (WinDVD). Notably, a Processing Key was found that could be used to decrypt all HD content that had been released at the time.[47] The processing key was widely published on the Internet after it was found and the AACS LA sent multiple DMCA takedown notices in the aim of censoring it.[48] This caused trouble on some sites that rely on user-submitted content, like Digg and Wikipedia, when administrators tried to remove any mentions of the key.[49][50]

For more details on this topic, see AACS encryption key controversy.

AACS has also been circumvented by SlySoft with their program AnyDVD HD, which allows users to watch HD DVD movies on non-HDCP-compliant PC hardware. Slysoft has stated that AnyDVD HD uses several different mechanisms to disable the encryption, and is not dependent on the use of a single compromised encryption key.[51] Other AACS circumvention programs have become available, like DVDFab HD Decrypter.[52]

[edit] Interactive content

HD DVDs use the HDi Interactive Format to allow interactive content to be authored for discs. HDi is based on web technologies such as HTML, XML, CSS, SMIL, and ECMAScript (JavaScript), so authoring in HDi should be a fairly easy transition for web developers. No existing DVD authoring experience is required. In contrast, Blu-ray Disc content is authored using either a scripting environment for basic content, or a Java-based platform (BD-J) for advanced content. DVD video discs utilize pre-rendered MPEG segments, selectable subtitle pictures, and simple programmatic navigation which is considerably more limited.

[edit] Hardware

[edit] Compatibility

Backward compatibility is available with all HD DVD players, allowing users to have a single player to play all types of HD DVD, DVD and CD discs. There is also a hybrid HD DVD format which contains both DVD and HD DVD versions of the same movie on a single disc, providing a smooth transition for the studios in terms of publishing movies, and allowing consumers with only DVD players to still use the discs. DVD disc replication companies can continue using their current production equipment with only minor alterations when changing over to the format of HD DVD replication. Due to the structure of the single-lens optical head, both red and blue laser diodes can be used in smaller, more compact HD DVD players.

[edit] General purpose computers

HD DVD drives can also be used with a desktop/laptop personal computer (PC) running Windows XP, Windows Vista, Mac OS X v10.5 "Leopard", and many varieties of Linux. Third-party player software for Windows and Linux have successfully played HD DVD titles using the add-on drive. First-party (Apple, Inc.) player software is included with Leopard, making it the first operating system (OS) to ship with native HD DVD playing software, albeit limited to HD DVD disks authored by DVD Studio Pro.[53]

[edit] List of HD DVD devices

See List of HD DVD devices

[edit] Xbox 360

Image:Xbox 360 at CEATEC 2006.jpg
Xbox 360 and add-on HD DVD drive
For more details on this topic, see Xbox 360 accessories - HD DVD player

Released at the end of November 2006, the Microsoft HD DVD drive for the Xbox 360 game-console gives the Xbox 360 the ability to play HD DVD movies. The drive was announced with an MSRP of US$199 and includes a USB 2.0 cable for connection to the console. The first drives also included Peter Jackson's King Kong on HD DVD.

[edit] Corporate and industry support

HD DVD Promotion Group Member List contains the main promoters of HD DVD: Toshiba, NEC, Sanyo, Microsoft, RCA, Kenwood, Intel, Venturer Electronics and Memory-Tech Corporation. The HD DVD format is also non-exclusively supported by Acer, Asus, HP, Hitachi Maxell, LG, Lite-On, Onkyo, Meridian, Samsung,[54] and Alpine.

[edit] Studio Alliances

HD DVD is currently exclusively backed by Universal Studios (including subsidiaries Focus Features and Rogue Pictures), Paramount Pictures (including Paramount Vantage, Nickelodeon Movies, MTV Films, DreamWorks Pictures and DreamWorks Animation), and The Weinstein Company (including Dimension Films).

On August 20 2007, Paramount Pictures, DreamWorks Pictures and DreamWorks Animation, announced they would no longer be supporting the Blu-ray Disc format. Citing HD DVD's lower consumer equipment and disc replication costs (due to its similarities to the standard DVD format), all future Paramount/Dreamworks titles will be released exclusively on HD DVD. Together, Paramount and DreamWorks are currently the 2007 box office leaders, and their first two HD DVD-exclusive titles, Shrek the Third and Transformers, are both poised to be top sellers during the 2007 holiday season.[55][56] Movies directed by Steven Spielberg are not included in this announcement, as Spielberg controls his films.[57] In an interview with PC World, Alan Bell, the Executive Vice President and Chief Technology Officer for Paramount Pictures, stated the exclusive support for HD DVD is currently indefinite.[58] However, two Viacom executives who spoke to the New York Times disclosed that the terms of the agreement were for $150 million in incentives in exchange for an exclusivity period of at least 18 months, or through the next two holiday seasons.[59] In response to these reports of a $150 million deal, DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg stated that it was disingenuous for other companies to suggest that they were not compensated for endorsing Blu-ray.[60]

Warner Brothers Pictures, initially in the HD DVD camp, later decided to support both formats. However, on January 4, 2008, they announced that they are discontinuing HD DVD support as of June 1, 2008. Furthermore, they intend to delay remaining HD DVD titles until after standard DVD and Blu-Ray releases.[61]. Warner Brothers has also scheduled all of their HD DVD exclusive titles for release on Blu-ray in the near future. Warner Brothers' subsidiary New Line Cinema has followed suit, cancelling tentative plans to release titles on HD DVD contingent on region coding.[62][63][64] The New York Times has speculated that Warner Brothers' decision will "kill HD DVD".[65] The HD DVD group responded to the decision by stating, "We remain firm in our belief that HD DVD is the format best suited to the wants and needs of the consumer."

Studios that still support both formats include First Look Studios [66], Image Entertainment (including the Discovery Channel),[67] Magnolia Pictures,[68] Brentwood Home Video, Ryko,and Koch/Goldhil Entertainment.[69]
Image:Transformers hddvd.jpg
Transformers HD DVD retail packaging

In Europe, HD DVD is currently supported either exclusively or non-exclusively by Medusa Home Entertainment, Studio Canal, Universum Films, Kinowelt Home Entertainment, DVD International, Opus Arte, MK2, Momentum Pictures, Twister Home Video, and many others.[70]

Outside of the United States, movies from American studios are often distributed by different companies (e.g. StudioCanal in Europe). Thus many of these Blu-ray exclusive titles are available outside the U.S. on HD DVD.[71] Likewise, movies that are exclusive to HD DVD in the United States have Blu-ray releases in other regions. An example of this is the Universal Studios film Bruce Almighty, which has been released exclusively on HD DVD in the U.S., but has been released as a Blu-ray exclusive in Europe due to the distribution rights held by Buena Vista.[citation needed] Many Blu-ray discs are multi-region, making import of these titles easier.[72]

[edit] Other Interests

In the Music Industry, HD DVD is currently exclusively supported by EMI and non exclusively supported by Universal Music Group.[73]

In the adult-movie market, HD DVD is currently exclusively backed by Wicked Pictures, Pink Visual, Bang Bros, and ClubJenna (which on June 22 2006 was acquired by Playboy Enterprises)[citation needed]. Contrary to many internet blogs, it has been reported by ABC News that the porn industry will not be a factor in the current format war.[74] The main reason is that many pornographic websites have movie downloads as an option, thus making the disc format less important.

In July 2007, Blockbuster Video[75] began carrying Blu-ray Disc exclusively in 1,450 stores, in addition to the original 250 that carried both HD DVD and Blu-ray. Online they will still be offering both formats.[76] Blockbuster will continue to offer both formats at its initial 250 stores that currently carry both high-definition formats.[77]

Netflix, the world's largest online movie rental service[78], offers titles in both HD DVD and Blu-ray formats. According to a new Internet tracking report, although Netflix's Blu-ray pages receive more hits, users are more likely to set HD DVD as their preferred format.[79] Netflix does not charge extra for high definition titles compared to standard DVDs. Netflix currently has hundreds of titles available in both high definition formats.[80]

On October 29 2007, Toshiba announced that Kmart would exclusively carry HD DVD standalone players in their stores (due to their lower price), however Kmart later denied that it was exclusively selling either format.[81][82] A follow-up by CNBC further clarified that in fact Kmart had no plans to offer Blu-ray standalone players because of HD DVD players' lower price. [83] Notwithstanding, Kmart will continue selling the PlayStation 3, which is capable of playing Blu-ray movies.

[edit] HD DVD / Blu-ray disc comparison

Main article: Comparison of high definition optical disc formats

Template:HighDefMediaComparison The primary rival to HD DVD is Blu-ray Disc. In November 2007, the DVD Forum approved the addition of a triple-layer 51 GB specification, but no titles have yet been announced or released on the triple-layer format. It is not yet known whether current players will be able to utilize the 51 GB discs, but since all current players use the NEC drive and these have been reported to work fine with the TL 51GB,[citation needed] it is expected that there will be no problems for the current HD players.

For commercially available discs, as of September 2007, 40% of Blu-ray titles use the 50 GB disc and 60% use the 25 GB disc[84] while most HD DVD movies are in the 30 GB dual layer format.[85]

HD DVD discs employ much the same manufacturing process and protection coating as conventional DVDs, while Blu-ray Discs require mandatory hard coating to prevent damaging scratches, since the disc information is closer to the surface and more vulnerable to wear and tear. TDK has a patented material and process known as Durabis, while Sony, Panasonic, and other companies use their own similar mechanisms in manufacturing both recorded and blank Blu-ray Discs.

In terms of audio/video compression, HD DVD and Blu-ray are similar on the surface: both support MPEG-2, VC-1, and H.264 for video compression. Virtually every HD DVD released uses an advanced codec (VC-1 or H.264) for video compression, reducing the required space for equivalent quality video. The first generation of Blu-ray Disc movies however, used the older and less efficient video codec MPEG-2. In terms of audio, there are many differences. While HD DVD support for the new Dolby Digital Plus audio codec is mandatory at 3.0 Mbit/s, support in Blu-ray players is optional at 1.7 Mbit/s.[46] Furthermore, HD DVD players must be able to decode the new lossless audio codec Dolby True HD, features that are optional for Blu-ray players.

Both HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc support the 24p (traditional movie) frame rate, but technical implementations of this mode are different among the two formats. Blu-ray Disc supports 24p with its native timing, while HD DVD uses 60i timing for 24p (encoded progressively, replacing missing fields with "repeat field flags"). Decoders can ignore the “flags” to output 24p.[86] There is no impact on picture resolution or storage space as a result of this, as the HD DVD format uses the exact same video information—it simply adds notational overhead.[citation needed]

The formats differ in their support for interactivity, with HD DVD using Advanced Content and Blu-ray using BD-J. Every HD DVD player has the ability to play back two simultaneous video streams ("Picture in Picture") and connect to the internet, whilst only newer Blu-ray players have these features, implemented as part of Bonus View and as BD Live, respectively.

Since both formats launched in the spring of 2006, an estimated 4.98 million high-definition discs have been sold, including 3.01 million in Blu-ray and 1.97 million in HD DVD through the end of September, 2007.[87] However, those figures are dwarfed by the sales of regular DVDs. Combined, the two high-def disc formats accounted for only 2.5 % of overall disc sales during the first half of 2007.[88] And although Blu-ray has sold more discs, the HD DVD group claims that the attach rate (the number of movies bought per player) is higher for HD DVD than for Blu-ray.[89]

[edit] Continuing development

Although the HD DVD standard is final, engineers continue developing the technology. At the CES 2007, Ritek revealed their high definition optical disc process that extended both competing high definition formats to ten layers, increasing capacity to 150 GB for HD DVD. However, a major obstacle to implementing this technology is that current reader-writer technology may not support the additional data layers.[90]

NEC,[91] Broadcom,[92] Horizon Semiconductors, and STMicroelectronics[92] have separately developed a single chip/laser that can read both the HD DVD and the Blu-ray disc standard. Broadcom and STMicroelectronics will be selling their dual-format single chip/laser solution to any OEM willing to develop a product based on the chip.

[edit] Variants

[edit] DVD / HD DVD hybrid discs

There are two types of hybrid formats which contain standard DVD-Video format video for playback in regular DVD players, and HD DVD video for playback in high definition on HD DVD players. The Combo disc is a dual sided disc with one side DVD and the other HD DVD, each of which can have up to two layers. The Twin disc is a single sided disc that can have up to three layers, with up to two layers dedicated to either DVD or HD DVD.[93] These hybrid discs make retail marketing and shelf space management easier. Another advantage is hardware cross-compatibility. The average consumer doesn't have to worry about whether or not they can play a hybrid DVD disc: any standard home DVD player can access the DVD encoded content and any HD DVD player can access both the DVD and the HD DVD encoded content.

[edit] HD DVD / Blu-ray hybrid discs

Warner Bros. officially announced Total Hi Def (THD) at CES 2007. Total Hi Def (Total HD) hybrid discs were to support both HD DVD and Blu-ray, with HD DVD on one side (up to two layers) and Blu-ray on the other side (up to two layers). However, in November of 2007, Warner Brothers cancelled development of the Total HD discs [94] after several delays. Finally, on January 4, 2008, Warner Bros. Pictures announced that they are discontinuing HD DVD support, putting an end to any possible future of THD.[95]

[edit] 3x DVD

The HD DVD format also applies to current red laser DVDs, this type of disc is called "3x DVD", as it is capable of three times the bandwidth of regular DVD-Video.

3x DVDs are physically identical to normal DVDs. Although 3x DVDs provide the same high definition content, their playback time is less. For example, an 8.5 GB DVD can hold about 85 minutes of 1080p video encoded with VC-1 or AVC at an average bitrate of 13 Mbit/s, suitable for short subjects (training films, home movies), but unsuitable for feature film-length content.

It is technically possible for consumers to create HD DVD compatible discs using low cost DVD-R or DVD+R media. At least one such guide exists.[96] The 3x DVD is comparable to Blu-ray's BD9.

[edit] HD REC

HD Rec is an extension of the HD DVD format for storing HD content on regular red laser DVDs using H.264/MPEG-4 AVC compression.[97] It was approved by the DVD Forum on September 12 2007[98] It is comparable to Blu-ray's AVCREC.

[edit] See also

[edit] Alternative disc technologies

[edit] References

  1. ^ Template:Cite news
  2. ↑ a b DVD Forum 40th Steering Committee Meeting (Nov. 15, 2007).
  3. ^ Template:Cite news
  4. ^ Template:Cite news
  5. ^ Evan Ramstad (1998-04-08). In HDTV Age, Successor to VCR Still Seems to Be a Long Way Off. online.wsj.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  6. ^ Martyn Williams (2002-08-12). Opening the Door for New Storage Options. pcworld.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  7. ^ S.B. Luitjens (2001-06-15). Blue laser bolsters DTV storage, features. planetanalog.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  8. ^ Sony Shows 'DVR-Blue' Prototype. cdrinfo.com (2000-10-11). Retrieved on 2007-10-17.
  9. ^ Barry Fox (2002-02-19). Replacement for DVD unveiled. newscientist.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-17.
  10. ^ Next Generation DVD Born. bbc.co.uk (2002-02-21). Retrieved on 2007-11-4.
  11. ^ Junko Yoshida (2002-03-01). Picture's fuzzy for DVD. eetimes.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  12. ^ Junko Yoshida (2001-12-12). Forum to weigh Microsoft's Corona as DVD encoder. eetimes.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  13. ^ Philip De Lancie (2002-06-01). HD on DVD. emedialive.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  14. ^ Toshiba, NEC Share Details of Blue-Laser Storage. pcworld.com (2002-08-29). Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  15. ^ DVD Forum backs Toshiba-NEC format. theinquirer.net (2003-11-28). Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  16. ^ Opinion: Trust's worth.
  17. ^ Lieberfarb lobs charges at Blu-ray.
  18. ^ Junko Yoshida and Yoshiko Hara (2003-11-14). High-definition DVD format divides industry into rival camps. my-esm.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  19. ^ Yoshiko Hara (2003-11-26). HD DVD Format Wins Key Nod From DVD Forum. techweb.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  20. ^ Junko Yoshida (2005-04-19). Sides close to deal on HD disk format. eetasia.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  21. ↑ a b Andy Patrizio (2007-04-12). Who Is Drawing Out The High-Def DVD Stalemate?. internetnews.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  22. ^ Michiyo Nakamoto (2005-05-17). Sony-Toshiba DVD format talks stall. ft.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  23. ^ Micro-managed copies.
  24. ^ David Cohn (2005-06-27). Microsoft, Toshiba Gear Up. wired.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  25. ↑ a b Cliff Edwards, Peter Burrows, Ronald Grover, Tom Lowry and Kenji Hall (2005-10-17). Daggers Drawn Over DVDs. businessweek.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  26. ^ Sony, Toshiba fail to unify DVD format - report. forbes.com (2005-08-22). Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  27. ^ Susan B. Shor (2005-09-27). Microsoft, Intel Back Toshiba's HD-DVD. ecommercetimes.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  28. ^ Ken Young (2005-10-20). HP calls for changes to Blu-ray. vnunet.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  29. ^ Robert Jaques (2005-10-25). HP's Blu-ray move spells doom for HD-DVD. vnunet.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  30. ^ Blu-Ray Won't Bow to HP's Demands. foxnews.com (2005-11-17). Retrieved on 2007-10-19.
  31. ^ Toshiba HD DVD Player: First Release In Japan.
  32. ^ Toshiba Starts Selling HD DVD Players in Japan. foxnews.com (2006-03-31). Retrieved on 2007-10-17.
  33. ^ Netherby, Jennifer; Susanne Ault (2006-04-13). HD DVD set to launch quietly. Video Business. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  34. ^ Uni delivers Serenity to HD DVD. Sci-fi adventure first from studio on high-def format on April 18.
  35. ^ HD DVD Digest: Indie Terwilliger Jumps Into HD DVD with 'Romance of Flying'. October 4, 2006
  36. ^ HighDef Magazine: 34 to 24 on AJA KONA. Page 34, Jan/Feb 2007
  37. ^ HD DVD sales.
  38. ^ Netherby, Jennifer; Susanne Ault (2006-04-13). HD DVD set to launch quietly. Video Business. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  39. ^ 100,000 HD DVD CE players sold in the U.S. during the first year (April 17, 2007).
  40. ^ Template:Cite news
  41. ^ Raby, Mark (2007-11-27). HD DVD players pass 750,000 unit sales. TG Daily. Retrieved on 2007-12-19.
  42. ^ http://www.cdrinfo.com/Sections/News/Details.aspx?NewsId=21863
  43. ^ Disk lineup HD DVD Promotion Group
  44. ^ HD DVD FAQ - Official HD DVD Site. Retrieved on 2008-01-01.
  45. ↑ a b Template:Cite paper
  46. ↑ a b Dressler, Roger; Craig Eggers. Dolby Audio Coding for Future Entertainment Formats (PDF). Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  47. ^ Press Messages: AACS - Advanced Access Content System. Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
  48. ^ AACS licensor complains of posted key. Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
  49. ^ Boutin, Paul (2007-05-01). Wikipedia Locks Out "The Number". Retrieved on 2007-05-02.
  50. ^ Greenberg, Andy (2007-05-02). Digg's DRM Revolt. Forbes. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
  51. ^ "peer" (2007-02-13). Device key revokation. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  52. ^ HD-DVD Decryption. Retrieved on 2007-03-11.
  53. ^ DVD Player: Plays HD DVD discs authored in DVD Studio Pro only. Apple. Retrieved on 2007-12-12.
  54. ^ Blu-ray Samsung backs HD DVD - Foot in both camps (16 April 2007).
  55. ^ Paramount is box office leader in 2007
  56. ^ Paramount to drop Blu-ray high-def DVDs (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
  57. ^ Paramount to drop Blu-ray high-def DVDs {Spielberg) (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-20.
  58. ^ Interview with Executive Vice President of Paramount Pictures on HD DVD and Blu-Ray (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  59. ^ Two Studios to Support HD DVD Over Rival (2007). Retrieved on 2007-08-21.
  60. ^ Katzenberg stands behind Spielberg (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-19.
  61. ^ http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20080104005575&newsLang=en
  62. ^ http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117978461.html?categoryid=1009&cs=1
  63. ^ hddvd.com - New line titles delayed for HD DVD due to lack of region coding.
  64. ^ New Line Jumps Into High-Def with 'Hairspray' on Blu-ray; HD DVD to Follow in 2008.
  65. ^ Did Warner Brothers Just Kill HD DVD?. Retrieved on 2008-01-05.
  66. ^ First Look Brings 'King of California,' 'Amateur' to HD DVD; Adds Blu-ray Support.
  67. ^ Discovery Channel Brings 'Atlas' to Blu-ray, HD DVD.
  68. ^ Psst! Magnolia Jumps Into Blu-ray with 'Bubble'.
  69. ^ 'Chronos' HD DVD Gets New Distributor; Blu-ray Version on the Way.
  70. ^ http://avsforum.com/avs-vb/showthread.php?t=915978&page=3
  71. ^ Blu-ray exclusive movies on HD DVD.
  72. ^ Region Coded/Region Free compatibility list
  73. ^ http://www.avsforum.com/avs-vb/showthread.php?t=908169
  74. ^ Porn Factor: Why Erotic Movies Won't Decide Next Gen DVD War (2007-01-31). Retrieved on 2007-09-10.
  75. ^ Blockbuster to Expand Blu-Ray to 1,700 Stores,Blockbuster Inc. Press Releases 2007-06-18.
  76. ^ Blockbuster to favor Blu-ray high-definition discs over rival HD DVD format (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  77. ^ Blockbuster to Expand Blu-Ray to 1,700 Stores (2007). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  78. ^ About Netflix (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  79. ^ Netflix sees stronger loyalty for HD DVD than Blu-ray (2007). Retrieved on 2007-12-13.
  80. ^ Netflix Will Support High-Def DVD at Launch.
  81. ^ Toshiba HD DVD Player in Midst of Price War
  82. ^ Kmart Not Exclusively Supporting HD DVD Format.
  83. ^ http://www.cnbc.com/id/21598441
  84. ^ Blu-ray stats
  85. ^ Frequently updated list of historical release dates and disc capacities, HD DVD NEWS, High-Def Digest, 15 April 2007
  86. ^ High Definition Facts. Retrieved on 2006-12-01.
  87. ^ Blu-ray outsells HD DVD in US for First nine months of 2007 - Reuters - Cnet news.
  88. ^ Disc Sales: Hard Numbers in for First Half of 2007. highdefdigest.com (2007-08-15). Retrieved on 2007-10-25.
  89. ^ Kate Bulkley (2007-05-28). Blu-ray versus HD DVD. smh.com.au. Retrieved on 2007-10-25.
  90. ^ Yam, Marcus (2007-01-10). Three HD Layers Today, Ten Tomorrow. DailyTech. Retrieved on 2007-04-24.
  91. ^ NEC unveils chip to bridge Blu-ray/HD DVD divide.
  92. ↑ a b Universal HD DVD / Blu-ray players really on the way in 2007?. engadgetHD (November 7, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
  93. ^ New disc supports high capacities of both standard DVD and HD DVD on a single disc. Toshiba. Retrieved on 2007-04-01.
  94. ^ http://www.engadgethd.com/tag/totalhd
  95. ^ http://www.businesswire.com/portal/site/google/index.jsp?ndmViewId=news_view&newsId=20080104005575&newsLang=en
  96. ^ Clark, Joseph (2006-07-30). The Official AVS Guide to HD DVD Authoring.. AV Science Forum. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.
  97. ^ Martyn Williams (2007-10-05). New Chips Enable High-Def Recording on DVDs. pcworld.com. Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  98. ^ DVD Forum Approves Recording of HD DVD Content on Red-laser Recordable Discs. cdrinfo.com (2007-09-13). Retrieved on 2007-10-18.
  99. ^ Perton, Marc (2006-04-13). Early HD DVD flicks to be 1080p. Engadget. Retrieved on 2007-04-09.

[edit] External links

Template:Homevid Template:HighDefinitionMedia Template:High-definitionaf:HD-DVD ar:HD DVD bs:HD DVD ca:HD-DVD cs:HD-DVD de:HD DVD es:HD-DVD eu:HD-DVD fr:HD DVD gl:HD DVD ko:HD-DVD id:HD DVD it:HD DVD he:HD-DVD hu:HD DVD ms:HD DVD nl:HD DVD ja:HD DVD no:HD DVD pl:HD DVD pt:HD DVD ro:HD DVD ru:HD DVD sq:HD DVD simple:HD DVD sk:HD DVD sl:HD DVD sr:ХД ДВД fi:HD DVD sv:HD DVD th:HD DVD tr:HD DVD uk:HD DVD zh:HD DVD

Retrieved from "http://www.includipedia.com/wiki/HD_DVD"