European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages

From Includipedia, the inclusionist encyclopedia

1 Languages protected under the Charter
2 Notes and references
3 See also
4 External links

The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty (CETS 148) adopted in 1992 under the auspices of the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. It only applies to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties (thus excluding languages used by recent immigrants from other states), which significantly differ from the majority or official language (thus excluding what the state party wishes to consider as mere local dialects of the official or majority language) and which either have a territorial basis (and are therefore traditionally spoken by populations of regions or areas within the State) or are used by linguistic minorities within the State as a whole (thereby including such languages as Yiddish and Romani, which are used over a wide geographic area).

Languages which are official within regions or provinces or federal units within a State (for example Catalan in Spain) are not classified as official languages of the State and may therefore benefit from the Charter. On the other hand, the Republic of Ireland has not been able to sign the Charter on behalf of the Irish language (although a minority language) as it is defined as the first official language of the state. The United Kingdom has, though, ratified the Charter in respect of (among other languages) Irish in Northern Ireland. France, although a signatory, has been constitutionally blocked from ratifying the Charter in respect of the languages of France.

The charter provides a large number of different actions state parties can take to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages. There are two levels of protection—all signatories must apply the lower level of protection to qualifying languages; signatories may further declare that a qualifying language or languages will benefit from the higher level of protection which lists a range of actions from which states must agree to undertake at least 35.

[edit] Languages protected under the Charter

The countries which have ratified the Charter and the languages for which the ratification was made are the following:

Image:Flag of Armenia.svg Armenia ratification: 25 January 2002

Image:Flag of Austria.svg Austria ratification: 28 June 2001^[1]

Croatian of Burgenland
Slovene (in Carinthia and Styria)
Hungarian (in Burgenland and Vienna)
Czech (in Vienna)
Slovak (in Vienna)
Romani (in Burgenland)

Image:Flag of Croatia.svg Croatia ratification: 5 November 1997

Image:Flag of Cyprus.svg Cyprus ratification: 26 August 2002

Armenian

Image:Flag of the Czech Republic.svg Czech Republic ratification: 15 November 2006

Slovak (parts II and III, across the whole territory)
Polish (part II; and part III in Moravia-Silesia, in districts Frydek-Místek and Karviná)
German (part II only)
Romani (part II only)

Image:Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark ratification: 8 September 2000^[2]

German (in Southern Jutland)

Image:Flag of Finland.svg Finland ratification: 9 November 1994

Sami
Swedish (co-official language)

Image:Flag of Germany.svg Germany ratification: 16 September 1998^[3]

Danish (in Schleswig-Holstein)
Upper Sorbian (in the Free State of Saxony)
Lower Sorbian (in Brandenburg)
North Frisian (in Schleswig-Holstein)
Saterland Frisian (in Lower Saxony)
Romany (across Germany)
Low German (in Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony and Schleswig-Holstein)

Image:Flag of Hungary.svg Hungary ratification: 26 April 1995

Image:Flag of Liechtenstein.svg Liechtenstein ratification: 18 November 1997

No regional or minority languages

Image:Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxembourg ratification: 22 June 2005

(to be confirmed)^[4]

Image:Flag of Montenegro.svg Montenegro ratification: 15 February 2006

Image:Flag of the Netherlands.svg Netherlands ratification: 2 May 1996

West Frisian (in Friesland)
Limburgish (across the Netherlands)
Low Saxon (across the Netherlands)
Romani (across the Netherlands)
Yiddish (across the Netherlands)

Template:Country data Norway ratification: 10 November 1993

Image:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia ratification: 15 February 2006

Image:Flag of Slovakia.svg Slovakia ratification: 5 September 2001

Image:Flag of Slovenia.svg Slovenia ratification: 4 October 2000

Image:Flag of Spain.svg Spain ratification: 9 April 2001

Basque (co-official in the Basque Country and part of Navarre)
Catalan (co-official in the Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia)
Galician (co-official in Galicia)

Image:Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden ratification: 9 February 2000

Template:Country data Switzerland ratification: 23 December 1997

Template:Country data Ukraine ratification: 19 September 2005

The Ukraine does not specify languages by name, but rather ratifies on behalf of the languages of the following ethnic minorities:^[5]

Image:Flag of the United Kingdom.svg United Kingdom ratification : 27 March 2001

All languages are ratified as applicable to the territory of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, except Manx, which is ratified on behalf of the Crown dependency of the Isle of Man.

Cornish
Irish
Manx (ratified on behalf of Government of the Isle of Man)
Scots in Scotland and Northern Ireland (Ulster Scots)
Scottish Gaelic
Welsh

[edit] Notes and references

Template:Refimprove

^ Austria has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
^ Notes Verbales accompanying the Danish ratification specified that, whilst the Charter was not going to be ratified in respect of the two languages, Faroese and Greenlandic are each official in their respective territories
^ Germany has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific Länder
^ Luxembourg is not listed on the Council of Europe site
^ As of July 2007, Ukraine's entry on the on the Council of Europe site does not list the languages in respect of which the Republic of Ukraine has ratified the Charter.