Edvard Grieg
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Edvard Hagerup Grieg (15 June 1843 – 4 September 1907) was a Norwegian composer and pianist who composed in the romantic period. He is best known for his Piano Concerto in A minor, for his incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt (which includes Morning Mood and In the Hall of the Mountain King), and for his collection of piano miniatures Lyric Pieces.
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[edit] Biography
Grieg was born in Bergen, Norway on 15 June 1843. His ancestors were Scottish; the original family name was spelt "Greig". After the Battle of Culloden in 1746, his great-grandfather travelled widely, settling in Norway around 1770, and establishing business interests in Bergen. Grieg was raised in a musical home. His mother, Gesine, became his first piano teacher. He studied in several schools including Tank's School, and often brought in examples of his music to his class. The children were fascinated by it, but the teachers regarded it as inferior. He was known as a lazy pupil.
In the summer of 1858, Grieg met the eminent Norwegian violinist Ole Bull, who was a friend of the family, and whose brother was married to Grieg's aunt. Bull noticed the 15-year-old boy's talent and persuaded his parents to send him to further develop his talents at the Leipzig Conservatory, then directed by Ignaz Moscheles.
Grieg enrolled in the conservatory, concentrating on the piano, and enjoyed the numerous concerts and recitals given in Leipzig. He disliked the discipline of the conservatory course of study, yet he still achieved very good grades in most areas, the exception being the organ, which was mandatory for piano students at the time. In the spring of 1860, he survived a life-threatening lung disease. The following year he made his debut as a concert pianist, in Karlshamn, Sweden. In 1862, he finished his studies in Leipzig, and held his first concert in his home town of Bergen, where his programme included Beethoven's Pathétique sonata. (Grieg's own recording of his Piano Sonata, made late in his life, shows he was an excellent pianist).
In 1863, Grieg went to Copenhagen, Denmark, and stayed there for three years. He met the Danish composers J. P. E. Hartmann, and Niels Gade. He also met his fellow Norwegian composer Rikard Nordraak (composer of the Norwegian national anthem), who became a good friend and source of great inspiration. Nordraak died shortly after, and Grieg composed a funeral march in his honor. Grieg had close ties with the Bergen Philharmonic Orchestra (Harmonien) and was Music Director of the orchestra from 1880–1882.
On 11 June 1867, Grieg married his first cousin, Nina Hagerup. The next year their only child, Alexandra, was born. The following summer, Grieg wrote his Piano Concerto in A minor while on holiday in Denmark. Edmund Neupert gave the concerto its premiere performance on 3 April 1869 in the Casino Theater in Copenhagen. Grieg himself was unable to be there due to commitments conducting in Christiania (as Oslo was then named).
In 1868, Franz Liszt, who up to that time had not met Grieg, wrote a testimonial for him to the Norwegian Ministry of Education, which led to Grieg obtaining a travel grant. The two finally met in Rome in 1870. On Grieg's first visit, the two went over Grieg's Violin Sonata No. 1, which pleased Liszt greatly. On the second visit, in April, Grieg brought with him the manuscript of his Piano Concerto, which Liszt proceeded to sightread (including the orchestral arrangement). Liszt's rendition greatly impressed his audience, although Grieg gently pointed out to him that he played the first movement too quickly. Liszt also gave Grieg some advice on orchestration, (e.g. to give the melody of the second theme in the first movement to a solo trumpet).
In 1876, Grieg created incidental music for the premiere of Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, at the request of the author. Many of the pieces from this work became very popular in the form of orchestral suites or piano and piano-duet arrangements.
In 1888, Grieg met Tchaikovsky in Leipzig. Grieg was later struck by the sadness in Tchaikovsky.[1] Tchaikovsky thought very highly of Grieg's music, praising its beauty, originality and warmth.[2]
Grieg's later life brought him fame but not wealth.[citation needed] The Norwegian government awarded him a pension.
In the spring 1903, Grieg made nine early one-sided 78-rpm recordings of his piano music in Paris; all of these historic discs have been reissued on both LPs and CDs and, despite limited fidelity, show his artistry as a pianist. Grieg also made live-recording player piano music rolls for the Welte "Mignon" system, all of which survive today and can be heard.
Edvard Grieg died in the autumn of 1907, aged 64, after a long period of illness. His final words were "Well, if it must be so". The funeral drew between 30,000 and 40,000 people out on the streets of his home town to honour him. Following his wish, his own funeral march for Rikard Nordraak was played in an orchestration by his friend Johan Halvorsen, who had married Grieg's niece. In addition, a funeral march by Frederic Chopin was played. His and his wife's ashes are entombed in a mountain crypt near his house, Troldhaugen.
[edit] Music
Grieg is renowned as a nationalist composer, drawing inspiration from Norwegian folk music. Early works include a symphony (which he later suppressed) and a piano sonata. He also wrote three sonatas for violin and piano and a cello sonata. His many short pieces for piano — often built on Norwegian folk tunes and dances — led some to call him the Chopin of the north.
Although Grieg's smaller scale pieces are the most successful musically, the Piano Concerto is his most popular and still frequently performed. The slow movement, with its folk-like melodies, is perhaps its most successful feature. It was championed by pianist/composer Percy Grainger, who befriended Grieg and played the concerto frequently during his long career.
Other well-known works are the Lyric Pieces (for piano), and the incidental music to Henrik Ibsen's play Peer Gynt. Despite In the Hall of the Mountain King being one of Grieg's most popular and enduring compositions, he himself did not care much for it. In a letter to a friend he wrote about the "infernal thing reek[ing] of cow-pies and provincialism." Grieg's popular Holberg Suite was originally written for the piano but later arranged for string orchestra.
Grieg wrote songs with lyrics from Heinrich Heine, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and others (op. 4, op. 48, etc.). Grieg's songs now feature frequently in recitals and it is perhaps in these and the Lyric Pieces that his originality shows itself most convincingly.
Nikolai Myaskovsky paid a tribute to Grieg by choosing a theme by Grieg for the variations with which he closed his Third String Quartet.
[edit] Works
For the complete list see List of compositions by Edvard Grieg
- Violin Sonata No. 1 in F Major, Op. 8
- Piano Sonata in E Minor, Op. 9
- Concert Overture "In Autumn", Op. 11
- Violin Sonata No. 2 in G Major, Op. 13
- Piano Concerto in A Minor, Op. 16
- Incidental music to Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 22
- Incidental music to Ibsen's play Peer Gynt, Op. 23
- Two Elegiac Melodies for Strings, Op. 34
- Four Norwegian Dances for Piano four hands, Op. 35
- Cello Sonata in A Minor, Op. 36
- Holberg Suite for string orchestra, Op. 40
- Violin Sonata No. 3 in C Minor, Op. 45
- Peer Gynt Suite No. 1, Op. 46
- Lyric Suite for Orchestra, Op. 54 (orchestration of four Lyric Pieces)
- Peer Gynt Suite No. 2, Op. 55
- Suite from Sigurd Jorsalfar, Op. 56
- Four Symphonic Dances for Orchestra, Op. 64
- An orchestration of the Lyric Piece "Wedding-day at Troldhaugen", Op. 65
- Symphony in C Minor
- Sixty-six Lyric Pieces for solo piano in ten books, including: To the Spring, Little Bird, Butterfly, Notturno, Wedding Day at Troldhaugen, At Your Feet, Norwegian Melody, Poème erotique and Gone.
[edit] See also
- List of compositions by Edvard Grieg
- Category:Compositions by Edvard Grieg
- Grieg's music in popular culture
- Morecambe and Wise
- Andre Previn video clip of Morecambe & Wise's famous sketch playing Grieg's piano Concerto.
- List of coupled cousins
[edit] Literature
[edit] English
- Edvard Grieg in England by Lionel Carley (The Boydell Press 2006)
- Grieg: Music, Landscape and Norwegian Cultural Identity by Daniel Grimley (The Boydell Press 2006)
- Songs of Edvard Grieg by Beryl Foster (The Boydell Press new edition 2007)
[edit] Norwegian
- Benestad, Finn/Schjelderup-Ebbe, Dag (1980): Edvard Grieg – mennesket og kunstneren. H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), Oslo. ISBN 82-03-10239-5
- Bredal, Dag/Strøm-Olsen, Terje (1992): Edvard Grieg – Musikken er en kampplass. Aventura Forlag A/S, Oslo. ISBN 82-588-0890-7
- Johansen, David Monrad (1943): Edvard Grieg. Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, Oslo.
- Purdy, Claire Lee (1968): Historien om Edvard Grieg (originaltittel: The Story of Edvard Grieg). A/S Forlagshuset, Oslo. ISBN 82-511-0152-2
[edit] Media
| Piano Concerto in A minor, 1st movement | |
| Image:Edvard Grieg - Concerto in A minor, 1st movement.ogg | |
| Piano Concerto in A minor, 2nd movement | |
| Image:Edvard Grieg - Concerto in A minor, 2nd movement.ogg | |
| Piano Concerto in A minor, 3rd movement | |
| Image:Edvard Grieg - Concerto in A minor, 3rd movement.ogg | |
[edit] Notes
- ^ Gretchen Lamb. First Impressions, Edvard Grieg. Retrieved on 2006-10-11. Lamb cites David Brown's Tchaikovsky Remembered
- ^ Richard Freed. Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 16. Retrieved on 2006-10-11.
[edit] External links
- The 100th year commemoration of Edvard Grieg's death official site
- The Grieg archives at Bergen Public Library
- Troldhaugen Museum, Grieg's home
- Biography of Grieg by prof. Harald Herresthal
- Grieg: the work list (Norwegian/English)
- Films about Grieg's life: What Price Immortality? (1999), Song of Norway (1970)
[edit] Recordings and sheet music
- www.kreusch-sheet-music.net - Grieg's complete piano works
- MP3s of Grieg's song cycle Haugtussa, Solveig Kringelborn, soprano - Malcolm Martineau, pianist
- Kunst der Fuge: Edvard Hagerup Grieg - MIDI files
- Works by Grieg in MP3 format at Logos Virtual Library
[edit] Podcasts
- The Forgotten Melodies Podcast featuring some of Grieg's lesser-known piano works, played by Daniel Grimwood
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