Descent of Elizabeth II from Cerdic
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This table shows the descent of Elizabeth II from Egbert, traditionally regarded as first King of England, and before that from Cerdic, founder of the House of Wessex. Some of the links between Cerdic and Egbert are a little uncertain, but there is no doubt that Egbert was a descendant of Cerdic. There are 39 generations between Egbert and Elizabeth, and a further 12 between Cerdic and Egbert.
For Elizabeth's descent in the male line, see her patrilineal descent, which can be traced back to Conrad the Great.
There are several breaks in the line of descent, but the hereditary succession has never been entirely broken. When William the Conqueror, who had no hereditary claim, seized the English throne in 1066, the House of Wessex in the male line became extinct, but continuity was re-established when Henry I married Matilda, a great-granddaughter of Edmund II.
In 1485 the throne was seized by Henry VII, who was a great-great-grandson of Edward III through an illegitimate descent, and whose family had been specifically excluded from the throne. Henry re-established the legitimate royal descent by marrying Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV, so that his son Henry VIII had a sound hereditary claim.
The line of descent, however, travels through the descendants of Lionel of Antwerp, who was the oldest son of Edward III. The line of descent returned to the throne when James I ascended the throne of England, uniting England with Scotland, where he was known as James VI.
In 1603 the Tudor line became extinct when Elizabeth I died childless. But the throne passed to James I, a great-great-grandson of Henry VII. Again, in 1714 the Protestant Stuart line became extinct with the death of Queen Anne, but the throne passed to George I, a great-grandson of James I.
The Queen rules by virtue of her descent from the Electress Sophia of Hanover (shown as the final generations below) by the Act of Settlement, 1701, rather than by reason of her descent from any earlier Kings of England.
In all, the descent from Cerdic to Elizabeth II encompasses fifty-one generations, making the line one of the longest recorded in the world (but not the longest; see Descent of Elizabeth II from the Romans for a longer one).
The reason that the line of descent follows the monarchs of Scotland is that the male line is always followed first. Therefore, the son of St. Margaret, David I of Scotland, is followed as opposed to David's sister, who married Henry I of England. The line of David I is therefore a more senior line.
[edit] Table of descent from Cerdic to Elizabeth
Cerdic (c470-534) Saxon Ealdorman, arrived in England c495 1st King of Wessex | | Creoda (c500-c560) | | Cynric (c530-c560) King of Wessex | | Ceawlin (c550-593) King of Wessex | | Cuthwine | | Cutha Cathwulf (born c592) | | Ceolwald of Wessex | | Coenred of Wessex (born c640) | | Ingild of Wessex (672 - 718) | | Eoppa born c. 706 | | Eafa born c. 730 | | Ealhmund of Kent (c750-c794) | | Egbert (775-839) King of Wessex 802-27 King of England 827-39 = Raedburh | | Aethelwulf (died 858) King of England 839-58 = Osburh | | Alfred (the Great) King of England 871-99 = Ealswith | | Edward (the Elder) (875-924) King of England 899-924 = Eadgifu | | Edmund (920-46) King of England 939-46 = Aelgifu | | Edgar (943-75) King of England 959-75 = Elfrida | | Aethelred II (The Unready) (968-1016) King of England 979-1016 = Aelgifu | | Edmund II (Ironside) (989-1016) King of England 1016 = Ealgyth | | Edward (1016-57) = Agatha | | Saint Margaret (1045-93) = Malcolm III, King of Scots | _________________________________________________________ | | Matilda of Scotland and England David I =Henry I of England King of Scots 1124-53 | (1084-1153) | = Matilda Empress Matilda, Lady of the English | =Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou Henry of Scotland | Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) | = Ada de Warren | | Henry II of England (1133-1189) Henry of Scotland ==Eleanor of Aquitaine Earl of Huntingdon (1114-1152) | | John of England (1165-1216) David =Isabella of Angouleme (1187-1246) (c1144-1219) | = Maud of Chester | | Henry III of England (1207-1272) Isobel of Huntingdon =Eleanor of Provence (1223-1291) (1199-1251) | = Robert Bruce | | | | Edward I of England (1239-1307) Robert de Brus =Eleanor of Castile (1241-1290) (c1220-1295) | = Isabella of Clare | | Edward II of England (1284-1327) Robert de Brus =Isabella of France (1295-1358) Earl of Carrick (c1250-1306) | = Marjorie of Carrick | | Edward III of England (1312-1377) Robert I =Philippa of Hainault (1274-1329) King of Scots 1306-29 | = Isabella of Mar Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence | (1338-1368) | =Elizabeth de Burgh, 4th Countess of Ulster | | | Philippa Plantagenet, 5th Countess of Ulster Marjorie Bruce (1355-1382) (1296-1316) =Edmund Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March = Walter Stewart | | | | Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March Robert II (1374-1398) (1316-1390) =Alinor Holland, d of Thomas Holland, 2nd Earl of Kent King of Scots 1371-90 | = Elizabeth of Rowallan | | | | Anne de Mortimer Robert III (1390-1411) (1340-1406) =Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge King of Scots 1390-1406 (1375-1415) = Anabella Drummond | | | | Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York James I (1411-1460) (1394-1437) =Cecily Neville, d of Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland King of Scots 1406-37 (1415-1495) = Joan Beaufort | | | | Edward IV of England James II (1442-1483) King of England 1461-1483 (1430-1460) King of Scots 1437-60 =Elizabeth Woodville (1437-1493) = Mary of Gueldres | | | | Elizabeth of York, Queen of England James III (1466-1503) (1451-1488) King of Scots 1460-88 =Henry VII of England = Margaret of Denmark (1457-1509) King of England 1485-1509 | | | | | ______|___________________________ | | | | Henry VIII of England Margaret Tudor = James IV (1491-1557) King from 1509 (1489-1541) | (1473-1513) King of Scots 1488-1513 ______________________________________________| | | James V, King of Scots 1513-42 (1512-42) = Mary of Guise | | Mary I Queen of Scots 1542-67 (1542-87) = Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley | | James VI (1566-1625) King of Scots 1567-1625 James I King of England 1603-25 = Anne of Denmark | | Elizabeth (1596-1662) = Frederick V, Elector Palatine, King of Bohemia | | Sophia (1630-1714) = Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover | | George I King of Great Britain 1714-27 (1660-1727) = Sophia Dorothea of Celle | | George II King of Great Britain 1727-60 (1683-1760) = Caroline Wilhelmina of Anspach | | Frederick Prince of Wales (1707-51) = Augusta of Saxe-Coburg | | George III King of Great Britain and Ireland 1760-1801 King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1801-1820 (1738-1820) = Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | | Edward, Duke of Kent (1767-1820) = Viktoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld | | Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1837-1901 (1819-1901) = Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha | | Edward VII King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1901-10 (1841-1910) = Alexandra of Denmark | | George V King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland 1910-22 King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 1922-36 (1865-1936) = Mary of Teck | | George VI King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and his Dominions beyond the Seas 1936-52 (1895-1952) = Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon | | Elizabeth II Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, Barbados, the Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Antigua and Barbuda, Belize, Bermuda, and Saint Kitts and Nevis 1952-present (1926- ) = Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh
| Queen Elizabeth II |
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