Bilabial nasal

From Includipedia, the inclusionist encyclopedia

IPA – number	114
IPA – text	m
IPA – image	Image:Xsampa-m.png
Entity	m
X-SAMPA	`m`
Kirshenbaum	`m`
Sound sample (help·info)

The bilabial nasal is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is m, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is m. The bilabial nasal occurs in English, and it is the sound represented by "m" in map and bum.

It occurs nearly universally, and few languages (e.g., Mohawk) are known to lack this sound.

1 Features
2 Occurrence
3 See also
4 References
5 Bibliography

Features

Features of the bilabial nasal:

Its manner of articulation is stop, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract.
Its place of articulation is bilabial which means it is articulated with both lips,
Its phonation type is voiced, which means the vocal cords are vibrating during the articulation.
It is a nasal consonant, which means air is allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a central consonant, which means it is produced by allowing the airstream to flow over the middle of the tongue, rather than the sides.
The airstream mechanism is pulmonic egressive, which means it is articulated by pushing air out of the lungs and through the vocal tract, rather than from the glottis or the mouth.

Occurrence

Language	Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Arabic	مطابخ	[mɑtˤɑːbɪx]	'kitchens'	See Arabic phonology
Armenian	ին	[im]	'my'
Czech	muž	[mʊʃ]	'man'	See Czech phonology
Dutch	mond	[mɔnt]	'mouth'	See Dutch phonology
English	him	[hɪm]	'him'	See English phonology
Finnish	minä	[ˈminæ]	'I'	See Finnish phonology
French	manger	[mɑ̃ʒe]	'to eat'	See French phonology
Georgian^[1]	სამი	[ˈsɑmi]	'three'
German	rühmen	[ˈʁyːmən]	'to praise'	See German phonology
Greek	μάζα	[ˈmaza]	'clump'	See Modern Greek phonology
Hindi	मकान	[məkaːn]	'house'	See Hindi-Urdu phonology
Hungarian	ma	[mɒ]	'today'	See Hungarian phonology
Italian^[2]	mamma	[ˈmamma]	'mamma'	See Italian phonology
Japanese	乾杯/kampai	[kampai]	'a toast'	See Japanese phonology
Korean	엄마/eomma	[ʌmma]	'mommy'	See Korean phonology
Norwegian	mamma	[ˈmɑmːɑ]	'mom'	See Norwegian phonology
Pirahã	baíxi	[màíʔì]	'parent'	allophone of /b/
Polish	myśleć	[ˈmɨɕlɛʨ]	'to think'	See Polish phonology
Russian	муж	[muʂ]	'husband'	Contrasts with palatalized version. See Russian phonology
Serbian	милина/milina	[milina]	'enjoyment'
Spanish^[3]	grumete	[gɾuˈme̞te̞]	'cabin boy'	See Spanish phonology
Swahili	miti	[ˈmiti]	'trees'
Swedish	mask	[mask]	'worm'	See Swedish phonology
Turkish	benim	[benim]	'mine'	See Turkish phonology