July 31

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(Redirected from 31 July)

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July 31 is the Template:Day/Totaldays Template:Ordinal/th day of the year (Template:Day/Totaldays Template:Ordinal/th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are Expression error: Unrecognised punctuation character "[" days remaining until the end of the year.

1 Events
2 Births
3 Deaths
4 Holidays and observances
5 External links

[edit] Events

30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian's forces, but most of his army subsequently deserts, leading to his suicide.
781 - The oldest recorded eruption of Mt. Fuji (Traditional Japanese date: July 6, 781).
904 - Thessalonica falls to the Arabs, who destroy the city.
1423 - Hundred Years' War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne.
1451 - Jacques Cœur is arrested by order of Charles VII of France.
1498 - On his third voyage to the Western Hemisphere, Christopher Columbus becomes the first European to discover the island of Trinidad.
1588 - The Spanish Armada is spotted off the coast of England.
1655 - Russo-Polish War (1654-1667): Russian army enters the capital of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilnius, which it holds for six years.
1658 - Aurangzeb is proclaimed Moghul emperor of India.
1667 - Second Anglo-Dutch War: Treaty of Breda ends the conflict.
1703 - Daniel Defoe is placed in a pillory for the crime of seditious libel after publishing a politically satirical pamphlet, but is pelted with flowers.
1741 - Charles Albert of Bavaria invades Upper Austria and Bohemia.
1777 - The United States Congress passes a resolution that the services of Marquis de Lafayette "be accepted, and that, in consideration of his zeal, illustrious family and connexions, he have the rank and commission of major-general of the United States."
1790 - First U.S. patent is issued; granted to inventor Samuel Hopkins for a potash process.
1856 - Christchurch, New Zealand is chartered as a city.
1865 - The first narrow gauge mainline railway in the world opens at Grandchester, Australia.
1913 - The Balkan States signs an armistice at Bucarest.
1917 - The Third Battle of Ypres starts in Flanders.
1919 - German national assembly adopts the Weimar constitution (to come into force on August 14)
1930 - The radio mystery program The Shadow is aired for the first time.
1932 - The NSDAP wins more than 38% of the vote in German elections.
1936 - The International Olympic Committee announces that the 1940 Summer Olympics will to be held in Tokyo. However, the games are given back to the IOC after the Second Sino-Japanese War breaks out, and are eventually cancelled altogether because of World War II.
1938 - Bulgaria signs a non-aggression pact with Greece and other states of Balkan Antanta (Turkey, Romania, Yugoslavia)
1940 - A doodlebug train in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio collides with a multi-car freight train heading the opposite way, killing 43 people.
1941 - Holocaust: Under instructions from Adolf Hitler, Nazi official Hermann Göring, orders SS General Reinhard Heydrich to "submit to me as soon as possible a general plan of the administrative material and financial measures necessary for carrying out the desired final solution of the Jewish question."
1945 - Pierre Laval, fugitive former leader of Vichy France, surrenders to Allied soldiers in Austria.
1945 - John K. Giles attempts to escape from Alcatraz prison.
1948 - At Idlewild Field in New York, New York International Airport (later renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport) is dedicated.
1951 - Japan Airlines is established.
1954 - First ascent of K2, by an Italian expedition led by Ardito Desio.
1956 - Jim Laker sets an extraordinary record at Old Trafford in the fourth Test of taking nineteen wickets in a first-class match (the previous best was seventeen).
1961 - At Fenway Park in Boston, Massachusetts, the first All-Star Game tie in major league baseball history occurs when the game is stopped in the 9th inning because of rain.
1964 - Ranger program: Ranger 7 sends back the first close-up photographs of the moon, with images 1,000 times clearer than anything ever seen from earth-bound telescopes.
1970 - Black Tot Day: The last day of the officially sanctioned rum ration in the Royal Navy.
1971 - Apollo program: Apollo 15 astronauts become the first to ride in a lunar rover.
1972 - Northeast Airlines flies its last flight before being integrated into Delta Air Lines the next day.
1973 - A Delta Air Lines jetliner crashes while landing in fog at Logan Airport, Boston, Massachusetts killing 89.
1975 - In Detroit, Michigan, Teamsters Union president Jimmy Hoffa is reported missing.
1976 - Viking program: Viking 1 - NASA releases the famous Face on Mars photo.
1981 - General Omar Torrijos of Panama dies in a plane crash.
1981 - 42-day strike of Major League Baseball ends in the United States.
1987 - A rare, class F-4 tornado rips through Edmonton, Alberta, killing 27 people and causing $330 million in damage.
1988 - 32 people are killed and 1,674 injured when a bridge at the Sultan Abdul Halim ferry terminal collapses in Butterworth, Malaysia.
1991 - The Medininkai Massacre in Lithuania. Soviet OMON attacks Lithuanian customs post in Medininkai and kills 7 officers, 1 of severely wounded (after a head shot) becomes disabled.
1992 - A Thai Airways Airbus A300-310 crashes into mountain north of Kathmandu, Nepal killing 113.
1996 - MIL-STD-1750A is declared inactive for use in new designs.
1999 - Discovery Program: Lunar Prospector - NASA intentionally crashes the spacecraft into the Moon, thus ending its mission to detect frozen water on the moon's surface.
2006 - Fidel Castro hands over power temporarily to brother Raúl Castro. This leads to a celebration in Little Havana [La Pequeña Habana in Spanish], Miami, Florida, where many Cuban Americans participated.
2007 - Operation Banner, the presence of the British Army in Northern Ireland, and longest-running British Army operation ever, comes to an end at midnight.

[edit] Births

1143 - Emperor Nijo of Japan (d. 1165)
1396 - Philip III, Duke of Burgundy (d. 1467)
1527 - Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (d. 1576)
1598 - Alessandro Algardi, Italian sculptor and architect (d. 1654)
1702 - Jean Denis Attiret, French Jesuit missionary and painter (d. 1768)
1704 - Gabriel Cramer, Swiss mathematician (d. 1752)
1718 - John Canton, English physicist (d. 1772)
1724 - Noël François de Wailly, French lexicographer (d. 1801)
1737 - Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales (d. 1813)
1803 - John Ericsson, Swedish inventor and engineer (d. 1889)
1816 - George Henry Thomas, American general (d. 1870)
1835 - Henri Brisson, French statesman (d. 1912)
1835 - Paul du Chaillu, French explorer (d. 1903)
1843 - Peter Rosegger, Austrian poet (d. 1918)
1858 - Richard Dixon Oldham, British geologist (d. 1936)
1860 - Mary Vaux Walcott, American artist and naturalist (d. 1940)
1867 - Sebastian S. Kresge, American merchant and philanthropist (d. 1966)
1880 - Munshi Premchand, Indian poet
1883 - Fred Quimby, American film producer (d. 1965)
1884 - Carl Friedrich Goerdeler, German politician (d. 1945)
1887 - Hans Freyer, German sociologist (d. 1969)
1892 - Joseph Charbonneau, French Canadian Roman Catholic archbishop of Montreal (d. 1959)
1901 - Jean Dubuffet, French painter and sculptor (d. 1985)
1904 - Brett Halliday, American writer (d. 1977)
1911 - George Liberace, American musician (d. 1983)
1912 - Bill Brown, Australian cricketer
1912 - Milton Friedman, American economist, Nobel Prize Laureate (d. 2006)
1912 - Irv Kupcinet, American newspaper columnist (d. 2003)
1913 - Bryan Hextall, Canadian hockey player (d. 1984)
1914 - Louis de Funès, French actor and comedian (d. 1983)
1916 - Billy Hitchcock, baseball player, coach, and official (d. 2006)
1916 - Bill Todman, American game show producer (d. 1979)
1916 - Sibte Hassan, Pakistani activist, journalist, and writer
1918 - Paul D. Boyer, American chemist, Nobel Prize Laureate
1918 - Hank Jones, American pianist
1919 - Curt Gowdy, American sports announcer (d. 2006)
1919 - Primo Levi, Italian author and chemist (d. 1987)
1920 - James Esdras Faust, American religious leader (d. 2007)
1921 - Whitney Young, American civil rights activist (d. 1971)
1921 - Peter Benenson, founder of Amnesty International (d. 2005)
1923 - Ahmet Ertegün, Turkish-born record company executive (d. 2006)
1929 - Don Murray, American actor
1929 - José Santamaria, Uruguayan footballer
1929 - Lynne Reid Banks, British author
1930 - Oleg Popov, Russian clown
1931 - Kenny Burrell, American guitarist
1931 - Nick Bollettieri, American tennis coach
1932 - Ted Cassidy, American actor (d. 1979)
1933 - Cees Nooteboom, Dutch writer
1935 - Yvon Deschamps, French Canadian author, comedian and humorist
1935 - Geoffrey Lewis, American actor
1936 - Vic Davalillo, baseball player
1939 - France Nuyen, French actress
1941 - Amarsinh Chaudhary, Indian politician
1943 - William Bennett, 3rd United States Secretary of Education
1943 - Susan Flannery, American actress
1943 - Lobo, American singer and songwriter
1943 - Sab Shimono, Japanese American actor
1944 - Geraldine Chaplin, American actress
1944 - Jonathan Dimbleby, U.K. journalist and television presenter
1944 - Robert C. Merton, Leading Scholar and Nobel Prize Winner
1945 - Gary Lewis, American drummer and vocalist (Gary Lewis & the Playboys)
1946 - Bob Welch, American musician
1946 - Karen Zerby, current leader of Children of God
1950 - Lane Davies, American actor
1950 - Steve Miller, American writer
1951 - Evonne Goolagong, Australian tennis player
1951 - Barry Van Dyke, American actor
1952 - Chris Ahrens, American ice hockey player
1952 - Alan Autry, American football player, actor and politician
1952 - Helmuts Balderis, Latvian hockey player
1952 - João Barreiros, Portuguese writer
1953 - James Read, American actor
1954 - Derek Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
1956 - Michael Biehn, American actor
1956 - Deval Patrick, American Politician
1956 - Bill Callahan, American football coach
1957 - Daniel Ash, British musician (Bauhaus)
1957 - Leon Durham, American baseball player
1957 - Dirk Blocker, American actor
1958 - Bill Berry, American drummer (R.E.M.)
1958 - Mark Cuban, American businessman, producer, and basketball team owner
1959 - Stanley Jordan, American jazz guitarist
1960 - Dale Hunter, Canadian ice hockey player
1962 - John Chiang, American politician
1962 - Kevin Greene, American football player
1962 - Wesley Snipes, American actor
1963 - Brian Skrudland, Canadian ice hockey player
1963 - Fatboy Slim, British musician
1964 - Jim Corr, Irish singer and musician (The Corrs)
1965 - John Laurinaitis, American professional wrestler
1965 - J. K. Rowling, British writer
1965 - Scott Brooks, American basketball player
1966 - Dean Cain, American actor
1967 - Minako Honda, Japanese singer and musical actress (d. 2005)
1967 - Mitsuo Iwata, Japanese seiyū
1969 - David Cash, American professional wrestler
1969 - Loren Dean, American actor
1969 - Kenneth D. Schisler, American politician
1971 - Gus Frerotte, American football player
1971 - John Lowery (John 5), American guitarist
1973 - Chandra North, American supermodel
1974 - Emilia Fox, English actress
1974 - Jonathan Ogden, American football player
1975 - Simon Hirst, British radio DJ
1975 - Allan von Schenkel, American musician
1975 - Bloodshed American rapper (d. 1997)
1975 - Randy Flores, American baseball player
1975 - Mike Lincoln, American baseball player
1976 - Joshua Cain, American guitarist (Motion City Soundtrack)
1976 - Annie Parisse, American actress
1976 - Paulo Wanchope, Costa Rican footballer
1977 - Tim Couch, American football player
1978 - Justin Wilson, English race car driver
1978 - Will Champion, English drummer (Coldplay)
1978 - Zeta Makripoulia, Greek actress, model and TV presenter
1979 - Jade Kwan, Hong Kong singer
1979 - Per Krøldrup, Danish footballer
1979 - J. J. Furmaniak, American baseball player
1979 - Carlos Marchena, Spanish footballer
1979 - B. J. Novak, American actor
1980 - Mils Muliaina, New Zealand and Waikato rugby player
1981 - Eric Lively, American actor
1981 - Ira Losco, Maltese singer
1981 - Matthew "M. Shadows" Sanders, American singer (Avenged Sevenfold)
1982 - Blessing Mahwire, Zimbabwean cricketer
1986 - Evgeni Malkin, Russian hockey player
1989 - Victoria Azarenka, Belarusian tennis player
1990 - Olga Galchenko, Russian juggler