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Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar.
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[edit] Events of 1965
[edit] January
[edit] February
- March 7 - Bloody Sunday in Selma, Alabama: Some 200 Alabama State Troopers clash with 525 civil rights demonstrators.
- March 8 - Vietnam War: 3,500 United States Marines arrive in South Vietnam, becoming the first American combat troops in Vietnam.
- March 9 - The second attempt to march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, under the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., stops at the bridge that was the site of Bloody Sunday, to hold a prayer service and return to Selma, in obedience to a court restraining order. White supremacists beat up white Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb later that day in Selma.
- March 10 - Goldie, a London Zoo golden eagle, is recaptured after 13 days of freedom.
- March 11 - White Unitarian Universalist minister James J. Reeb, beaten by White supremacists in Selma, Alabama on March 9 following the second march from Selma, dies in a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama.
- March 16 - Police clash with 600 SNCC marchers in Montgomery, Alabama.
- March 17
- In Montgomery, Alabama, 1,600 civil rights marchers demonstrate at the Courthouse.
- In response to the events of March 7 and 9 in Selma, Alabama, President Johnson sends a bill to Congress that forms the basis for the Voting Rights Act of 1965. It will be passed by the Senate May 26, the House July 10, and signed into law by President Johnson Aug. 6.
- March 18
- March 20
- March 21
- March 22 - Nicolae Ceauşescu becomes first secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.
- March 23 - Gemini 3: NASA launches the United States' first 2-person crew (Gus Grissom, John Young) into Earth orbit.
- March 24-March 25 - Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) organizes the first teach-in against the Vietnam War, with 2,500 participants, at the University of Michigan.
- March 25 - Martin Luther King, Jr. and 25,000 civil rights activists successfully end the 4-day march from Selma, Alabama, to the capitol in Montgomery.
- March 30 - Funeral of Detroit homemaker Viola Liuzzo, shot dead by four Klansmen as she drove marchers back to Selma at night after the civil rights march.
- April 5 - Vittorio De Sica is awarded the Academy Award for his movie Ieri, oggi e domani.
- April 6 - The Early Bird communications satellite is launched. It becomes operational May 2 and is placed in commercial service in June.
- April 9
- April 11 - The Palm Sunday tornado outbreak of 1965: An estimated 51 tornadoes (47 confirmed) hit in 6 Midwestern states, killing between 256 to 271 people and injuring some 1,500 more.
- April 14 - In Cold Blood killers Richard Hickock and Perry Smith, convicted of murdering 4 members of the Herbert Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas, are executed by hanging at the Kansas State Penitentiary for Men in Lansing, Kansas.
- April 17 - The first SDS march against the Vietnam War draws 25,000 protestors to Washington, DC.
- April 21 - The NY World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, NY, reopens.
- April 23 - The Pennine Way officially opens.
- April 24
- April 28
- U.S. troops are sent to the Dominican Republic by President Lyndon B. Johnson, "for the stated purpose of protecting U.S. citizens and preventing an alleged Communist takeover of the country", thus thwarting the possibility of "another Cuba".
- Vietnam War: Prime Minister of Australia Robert Menzies announces that the country will substantially increase its number of troops in South Vietnam, supposedly at the request of the Saigon government. It is later revealed that Menzies had asked the leadership in Saigon to send the request at the behest of the Americans.
- April 29 - Australia announces that it is sending an infantry battalion to support the South Vietnam government.
- May 1 - Bob (later Sir Robert) Askin replaces Jack Renshaw as Premier of New South Wales. On the same day, the Battle of Dong-Yin occurred as a conflict between ROC and PRC.
- May 5 - The first draft card burnings take place at the University of California, Berkeley, and a coffin is marched to the Berkeley Draft Board.
- May 12 - West Germany and Israel establish diplomatic relations.
- May 12 - Italian liner T/S Michelangelo enters in service.
- May 13 - A West German court of appeals condemns the behavior of ex-defense minister Franz Joseph Strauss during the Spiegel scandal.
- May 21 - The largest teach-in to date begins at Berkeley, California, attended by 30,000. The next day, several hundred participants again march to the Draft Board and burn more cards, and Lyndon Johnson in effigy.
- May 29 - A mining accident in Dhanbad, India kills 274.
- May 31 - Racing driver Jim Clark wins the Indianapolis 500, and later wins the Formula One world driving championship in the same year.
- June 1
- June 2 - Vietnam War: The first contingent of Australian combat troops arrives in South Vietnam.
- June 3 - Gemini 4: Astronaut Edward Higgins White makes the first U.S. space walk.
- June 7 - A mining accident in Kakanj, Bosnia and Herzegovina, results in 128 deaths.
- June 10 - Vietnam War: The Battle of Dong Xoai begins - About 1,500 Vietcong mount a mortar attack on Dong Xoai, overrunning its military headquarters and the adjoining militia compound.
- June 16 - A planned anti-war protest at The Pentagon becomes a teach-in, with demonstrators distributing 50,000 leaflets in and around the building.
- June 19 - Houari Boumédienne's Revolutionary Council ousts Ahmed Ben Bella, in a bloodless coup in Algeria.
- June 20 - Police in Algiers break up demonstrations by people who have taken to the streets chanting slogans in support of deposed President Ben Bella.
- June 22 - The Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea is signed in Tokyo.
- June 24 - Freddie Mills, former British boxing champion, is found shot in his car in Soho.
- June 25 - A U.S. Air Force Boeing C135-A bound for Okinawa crashes just after takeoff at MCAS El Toro in Orange County, CA, killing all 85 on board.
- July 14 - U.S. spacecraft Mariner 4 flies by Mars, becoming the first spacecraft to return images from the Red Planet.
- July 15 - Greek Prime minister George Papandreou and his government are dismissed by King Constantine II.
- July 16 - The Mont Blanc Tunnel is inaugurated by presidents Giuseppe Saragat and Charles de Gaulle.
- July 22 - Sir Alec Douglas-Home resigns as leader of the British Conservative Party.
- July 23 - Slash(lead guitarist for [1] and greatest rock guitarist ever)is born.
- July 24 - Vietnam War: Four F-4C Phantoms escorting a bombing raid at Kang Chi are targeted by antiaircraft missiles, in the first such attack against American planes in the war. One is shot down and the other 3 sustain damage.
- July 25 - Bob Dylan elicits controversy among folk purists by "going electric" at the Newport Folk Festival.
- July 26 The Maldives receives full independence from Great Britain.
- July 27 - Edward Heath becomes Leader of the British Conservative Party.
- July 28 - Vietnam War: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson announces his order to increase the number of United States troops in South Vietnam from 75,000 to 125,000, and to double the number of men drafted per month from 17,000 to 35,000.
- July 29 - Vietnam War: The first 4,000 101st Airborne Division paratroopers arrive in Vietnam, landing at Cam Ranh Bay.
- July 30 - War on Poverty: U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Social Security Act of 1965 into law, establishing Medicare and Medicaid.
[edit] August
- August 1 - Cigarette advertising is banned on British television.
- August 6 - U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965 into law.
- August 7 - Tunku Abdul Rahman, Prime Minister of Malaysia, recommends the expulsion of Singapore from the Federation of Malaysia, negotiating its separation with Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of the State of Singapore.
- August 9
- August 11 - The Watts Riots begin in Los Angeles, California.
- August 13 - Jefferson Airplane debuts at the Matrix in San Francisco, California and begins to appear there regularly.
- August 15 - The Beatles performed the first stadium concert in the history of rock, playing at Shea Stadium in New York
- August 18 - Vietnam War: Operation Starlite begins as 5,500 United States Marines destroy a Viet Cong stronghold on the Van Tuong peninsula in Quang Ngai Province, in the first major American ground battle of the war. The Marines were tipped-off by a Viet Cong deserter who said that there was an attack planned against the U.S. base at Chu Lai.
- August 19 - At the Auschwitz trial in Frankfurt, 66 ex-SS personnel receive life sentences, 15 others smaller ones.
- August 20 - Jonathan Myrick Daniels, an Episcopal seminarian from Keane, New Hampshire, is murdered in Hayneville, Alabama while working in the American civil rights movement.
- August 21 - Gemini 5 (Gordon Cooper, Pete Conrad) is launched on the first 1-week flight, as well as the first test of fuel cells for electrical power.
- August 30
- August 31 - President Johnson signs a law penalizing the burning of draft cards with up to 5 years in prison and a $1,000 fine.
[edit] September
- September 2 - Pakistani troops enter the Indian sector of Kashmir.
- September 6 - Indian troops invade Lahore.
- September 7 - The People's Republic of China announces that it will reinforce its troops on the Indian border.
- September 7 - Vietnam War: In a follow-up to August's Operation Starlite, United States Marines and South Vietnamese forces initiate Operation Piranha on the Batangan Peninsula, 23 miles south of the Chu Lai Marine base.
- September 8 - India opens 2 additional fronts against Pakistan.
- September 9
- September 13 - The Congress of Arab Countries begins in Casablanca; Habib Bourguiba of Tunisia boycotts the meeting.
- September 14 - The fourth and final period of the Second Vatican Council opens.
- September 16
- China protests against Indian provocations in its border region.
- In Iraq, Prime Minister Arif Abd ar-Razzaq's attempted coup fails.
- September 17 - King Constantine II of Greece forms a new government with Prime Minister Stephanos Stephanopoulos, in an attempt to end a 2-year-old political crisis.
- September 18
- September 22 - Radio Peking announces that Indian troops have dismantled their equipment on the Chinese side of the border.
- September 24
- Fighting resumes between Indian and Pakistani troops.
- The British governor of Aden cancels the constitution and takes direct control of the protectorate, due to the bad security situation.
- September 27 - The largest tanker ship at the time, Tokyo Maru, is launched in Yokohama, Japan.
- September 28
- September 30 - The Indonesian army, led by General Suharto, crushes an alleged communist coup attempt.
[edit] October
super typhoon Carmen. These disaster are 209 killed.
- October 8
- October 9
- October 10 - The first group of Cuban refugees travels to the U.S.
- October 12
- October 13 - Congo President Joseph Kasavubu fires Prime Minister Moise Tshombe and forms a provisional government, with Evariste Kimba in a leading position.
- October 15 - Vietnam War: The student-run National Coordinating Committee to End the War in Vietnam stages the first public burning of a draft card in the United States to result in arrest under the new law.
- October 16
- October 17 - The NY World's Fair at Flushing Meadows, NY, closes. Due to financial losses, some of the projected site park improvements fail to materialize.
- October 18 - The Indonesian government outlaws the Communist Party.
- October 20 - Ludwig Erhard is elected Chancellor of West Germany.
- October 21
- October 22
- October 24
- October 25 - The Soviet Union declares its support of African countries in case Rhodesia unilaterally declares independence.
- October 26
- October 27 - Brazilian president Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco removes power from parliament, legal courts and opposition parties.
- October 28
- October 29
- Mehdi Ben Barka, a Moroccan politician, is kidnapped in Paris and never seen again.
- Ian Brady and Myra Hindley appear in court, charged with the murders of Edward Evans (17), Lesley Ann Downey (10), and John Kilbride (12).
- October 30
- October 31 - The Indonesian army announces that it is fighting with communist guerillas in Java.
[edit] November
- November 2 - Republican John Lindsay is elected mayor of New York City.
- November 3 - French President Charles De Gaulle announces that he will stand for re-election.
- November 5 - Martial law is announced in Rhodesia. The UN General Assembly accepts British intent to use force against Rhodesia if necessary by a vote of 82-9.
- November 6 - Freedom Flights begin: Cuba and the United States formally agree to start an airlift for Cubans who want to go to the United States (by 1971 250,000 Cubans take advantage of this program).
- November 8
- November 9
- November 11 - In Rhodesia (modern-day Zimbabwe), the white-minority government of Ian Smith unilaterally declares independence.
- November 12 - A UN Security Council resolution (voted 10-0) recommends that other countries not recognize independent Rhodesia.
- November 13 - The SS Yarmouth Castle burns and sinks 60 miles off Nassau, with the loss of 90 lives.
- November 14 - Vietnam War: Battle of the Ia Drang begins - In the Ia Drang Valley of the Central Highlands in Vietnam, the first major engagement of the war between regular United States and North Vietnamese forces begins.
- November 15 - U.S. racer Craig Breedlove sets a new land speed record of 600.601 mph.
- November 16 - Venera program: The Soviet Union launches the Venera 3 space probe from Baikonur, Kazakhstan toward Venus (on March 1, 1966 it became the first spacecraft to reach the surface of another planet).
- November 20 - The UN Security Council recommends that all states stop trading with Rhodesia.
- November 22 - Man of La Mancha opens in a Greenwich Village theatre in New York and eventually becomes one of the greatest musical hits of all time, winning a Tony Award for its star, Richard Kiley.
- November 23 - Soviet general Mikhail Kazakov assumes command of the Warsaw Pact.
- November 24 - Congolese lieutenant general Mobutu ousts Joseph Kasavubu and declares himself president.
- November 26 - At the Hammaguira launch facility in the Sahara Desert, France launches a Diamant-A rocket with its first satellite, Asterix-1 on board, becoming the third country to enter space.
- November 27
- November 28 - Vietnam War: In response to U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson's call for "more flags" in Vietnam, Philippines President Elect Ferdinand Marcos announces he will send troops to help fight in South Vietnam.
- November 29 - Canadian satellite Alouette 2 is launched.
[edit] December
- December 1 - The Border Security Force is established in India as a special force to guard the borders.
- December 3
- December 5 - Charles de Gaulle is re-elected as French president with 10,828,421 votes.
- December 8
- December 9 - A Charlie Brown Christmas, the first Peanuts television special, debuts on CBS, quickly becoming an annual tradition.
- December 15
- December 17 - The British government begins an oil embargo against Rhodesia; the United States joins the effort.
- December 21
- The Soviet Union announces that it has shipped rockets to North Vietnam.
- Soviet scientists condemn Trofim Lysenko for pseudoscience.
- In West Germany, Konrad Adenauer resigns as chairman of the Christian Democratic Party.
- A new, one-hour German-American production of The Nutcracker, with an international cast that includes Edward Villella in the title role, makes its U.S. TV debut. It will be repeated annually by CBS over the next three years, but after that, will be virtually forgotten.
- December 22
- December 25 - The Yemeni Nasserite Unionist People's Organisation is founded in Taiz.
- December 27 - The British oil platform Sea Gem collapses in the North Sea.
- December 28 - Italian Foreign Minister Amintore Fanfani resigns.
- December 30
- December 31 - Bokassa takes the power in Central Africa Republic.
[edit] Undated
[edit] Ongoing