1291

Years: 1288 1289 1290 - 1291 - 1292 1293 1294
Decades: 1260s 1270s 1280s - 1290s - 1300s 1310s 1320s
Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century

1291 (MCCXCI) was a year in the 13th century.

Events

In the spring of this year, Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi set sail from Genoa with the goal of reaching India; they never return.
May 10 - Scottish nobles recognize the authority of King Edward I of England in mediating resolution of the succession crisis created by the death of King Alexander III of Scotland five years prior.
Early August - According to tradition, the Swiss Confederation is formed by Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden, the "three forest cantons" when enacting the Federal Charter of 1291.
Sancho IV of Castile captures Tarifa from the Moors.
The Habsburgs acquire the Swiss city of Lucerne.
Pope Nicholas IV confirms the independence of San Marino via papal bull.
All glassmakers in Venice are forced to moved to the island of Murano in order to contain the risk of fire, thus establishing the glass industry there.
Klenová castle is constructed in southern Bohemia as part of a frontier defense system.
King Andrew III of Hungary gives royal town privileges to Bratislava, the present-day capital of Slovakia.

May 18 - Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Khalil captures Acre, thus exterminating the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem — the final Christian landholding remaining from the Crusades — and ending the Ninth Crusade and effectively all Crusades by eliminating the possibility of further attacks on the Holy Land (see Siege of Acre (1291)).
The artificial Kunming Lake is constructed as a reservoir for Beijing in Yuan Dynasty China by famous engineer and astronomer Guo Shoujing.
Emperor Kameyama, emperor of Japan, establishes the Zen Buddhist temple of Nanzenji in Kyoto.